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PHOTOMETER. N0. 292,515. Patented Jan. 29, 1884.

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PHOTOMETER. No. 292,515. V Patented Jan.29,1884

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PHOTOMETER. No. 292,516. Patented Jan. 29, 1884 I Unrrnn STATES. PATENT THOMAS OCGXOR SLOANE, OF BROOKLYX, NEll' YORK.

PHOTOMETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 292,515, dated January 29, 1884. Application filed January 31, 1581. (No model.)

To (0Z3 whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Tnonas OGonon SLOANE, of the city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have madeand invented certain new and useful improved apparatus for indicating and registering the illuminating power of gas, which may be known as a Self-Registering Photometer; and I hereby declare the following specification to be a full and clear description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

In consequence of the fact that the illumie hating-power of gas varies greatly from time to time, it has become desirable to test its quality often, which is now done by the different styles of photometers at present in use, all of which are designed to indicate the illuminating-power by ocular demonstration only to any one present at the apparatus, but in no ,way register for future reference the diit'erent changes in illuminating-power.

One of the principal features of my invention consists in indicating the different degrees of illuminating-power of a jet of burning gas by the action of its heat, and registering at short intervals by positive action the different changes, as I have found by experiment that the illuminating-power varies in proportion to the heat radiated by the jet of gas when arranged substantially in the manner described hereinafter. In order to obtain the best results, the entire apparatus should consist of the diiferent parts shown in the drawings, although some may be omitted and good results obtained.

1 The main feature shown in the drawings consists of a meter adapted to regulate exactly the amount of gas which passes through it in a given spaceoftime,irrespective of the pressme. To this meter is attached a burner of any suitable pattern, preferably an Argand burner. In close proximity to the burner is placed a differential thermometer (preferably an airthermometer similar to that shown, as being easiest made) so constructed and placed that the heat of the burning gas will create an expansion and consequent external movement of some kind, which may be readily communicated by appropriate mechanism to a register a Sheet 3, is a detail view of the registering mechanism.

A is the body, containing the drum of the meter, having any of the usual arrangements for turning an indicating-wheel,which in this case is connected with a shaft bearinga wheel, a, working into a clock-escapement wheel, Z), which takes into apallet, c, with pendulum (l, or a balance-whee], so asto form a regular escapement, such as is used in clocks.

At one side of the drum A is a chamber or reservoir, 13, containing a governor for use in a wet or dry meter. This reservoir is c011- neeted by a pipe, C, with the interior of the drum, and by the pipe I) with the surrounding water in the case, so that the water in the resvoir will be at the same level as the water inside the drum or measuring compartments, and will vary with it.

In the reservoir 13 is placed afloat, E, connected by a wire rod with a coneshaped valve or stopper, f, made to fit on the seat The gas, on entering the meter, passes through the feed-pipe G, and is regulated in quantity by the opening or closing of the valve f g. In case a dry-meter is used this same reservoir, B,

may be used filled to the proper height with water; but the pipe 1) will be connected to the case above the level of the water in the reservoir. The proportions and relations of the meter and escapement movement should be so adjusted that when the pendulum is working with its regular beatany given quantity sayfive feet an hour-of gas will pass through the meter. Should a greater quantity attempt to pass by reason of greater pressure, the drum would have to revolve more rapidly, and the escapement movement would resist this accelerated motion and produce a difference of pressure more or less considerable between the gas inside the measuring-compartments and that on the outside, causing a consequent lowering of the water-level both in the measuringcompartments and the reservoir B, which would result in a fall of the float E and closing of the valve f on the seat 9 until the flow of gas is reduced to the proper quantity. Instead of the cone, any form of cock may be used, and in a dry-meter any analogous apparatus may be used, the desired object being obtained when the rotation of the drum or movement of the diaphragms of a gas-meter works an escapement movement controlled by pendulum or balance-wheel and thevariations in pressure caused by the resistance which such escapement offers to any acceleration of motion operates to partially close the feedpipe, and thereby maintain a uniform supply of V l His an airthermometer, which, for convenience, is made in the shape shown in the drawv ings, and consists of two bulbs, I I, connected 4 by a bent tube, the tube being partially filled with mercury or other fluid. This thermometer H is balanced on a suitable support, so as l to readily swing whenever the mercury or other fluid changes position in the tube. The

back of one of the bulbs, I, may be blackened,

and in front of it, at a fixed distance, is situated the flame of gas, J, to be tested, anArgand burner being preferably used to produce the To one end of the thermometer or indicator, or to a segment, S, attached to it, is connected byastring the sliding nut K, running in uprights h h, carrying a needle, t, adapted to be: projected under pressure and returned topositi'on by a coil-spring, j. The rollers M L{ carry a strip of paper or other suitable substance, which is passed through the openings? in the uprights back of the needle and between I the rollers M L, which are turned by the rod. N, connected by gear-wheels with the escape ment mechanism, so as to regularly feed the strip of paper between the rollers past the needle. I v

At one side of the red X is a gear-wheel, O, carrying a cam or eccentric disk, O,which acts upon a spring-bar, I in such a manner. that it will slip and forcibly strike the nut K, thereby causing the needle to puncture the paper strip at each revolution of the disk.

' For exactness and certainty of action, the pivot-bar to which the thermometer is attached may be nicely balanced by additional weights at the rear.

In operation the heat of the flame expands the air in the bulb I and forces the mercury or other fluid along the tube, causing the ther mometer to swing on its pivot and the bulb I to rise or fall in accordance with the heat produced, the needle-carrier K being raised or lowered in proportion. The strip'of paper between the rollers is lined, and at each revolutionof the disk or cam 0 it is punctured by the needle and drawn between'the rollers Gas of an ascertained illuminatingpower being used as a standard for regulating the apparatus, all variations will be indictted by the position of the thermometer and registered upon the paper by the needle.

I do not intend to confine myself to the particular form or construction shown of the different parts of the apparatus, as they may be varied for purposes of convenience or econonly and all the essential features of the invention preserved, the main object being to use the heat of a flame to indicate, through suitable mechanism, its illuminating-power, and where a record is desirable to register the amount of illuminating-power thus indicated by combining therewith a registering mechanism such as shown, or some other similar mechanical devicesuch, for instance, as is used in self-registering pressure-gages.

, If it is not required to register the different degrees of illuminating-power, the thermometer may be made to indicate on a graduated scale, and the registering mechanism may be dispensed with; and, if desired, any other form of diflerential thermometer may be employed, its registrations being effected by electricity or other means.

' Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is I 1. In an apparatus for determining the illuminating-power of gas, a differential thermometer constructed as described, and balanced and arranged in combination with a gas-meter, substantially as shown and described.

2. In an apparatus for determining the illuminatingpower of gas, a differential thermometer constructed as described, and balanced and arranged so as to indicate changes in the relative quantity of radiant heat developed by a flame of gas, and transmit such changes to a recording mechanism, substantially as shown and described.

3. In an apparatus for determining the illuminating-power of gas, a differential thermometer balanced and arranged as described, in combination with an Argand burner, as and for the purposes shown and described.

4. In an apparatus for determining the illuminating-power of gas, a differential thermometer balanced and arranged to indicate the changes in the heat of the flame, and operated in combination with an Argand burner receiving gas from a meter provided with a governor which regulates the pressure and maintains an even flow of gas, substantially as shown and described.

5. In an apparatus for determining the illuminating-power of gas, the combination of a differential thermometer, balanced and -arranged as shown, with the sliding nut is, carrying a needle arranged to receive the stroke of the spring-rod P, actuated by the cam 0, all working together substantially as and for the purposes shown anddescribed.

6. In combination with an Argand burner and a differential thermometer arranged in the manner shown, and a gasmeter provided float adapted to open and close the inlet by its with a regulating-escapement and pendulum, rise and fall, substantially as shown and de- 10 an auxiliary chamber connected with the wascribed.

ter-space in a Wet-meter by a pipe, D, at a rw 1 y A 5 point below the water-line, and also with the 0 L0) OR bLOABE inlet of the meter by pipe 0, or to the inlet 'itnesses: and oulet of a dry-meter by tubes correspond A. BELL )LlLcoMsoX, J 1'. ing to G and D, such chamber containing a CHARLES H. NASH. 

